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- Colorado Criminal Law – Expert Testimony In Colorado Domestic Violence Cases – Unfair and Unjust
- Electronic Cyberstalking And Colorado’s Domestic Violence “Stalking” Crimes – 18-3-602 CRS
- Colorado Criminal Law – When The DA Can’t Plea Bargain – Domestic Violence and DUI Cases
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- Parental Kidnapping – Custodial Interference Cases In Colorado – Section 18-3-304
- FAQ How to Seal a Domestic Violence Case That Has Been Dismissed
- Colorado Civil Assist – Civil Standbys in Domestic Violence Cases
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- FAQ: Colorado Criminal Defense Law – Domestic Violence Cases and The Right to Refuse to Testify Based on the 5th Amendment’s Right to NOT Incriminate Oneself
- Colorado Criminal Law – Representing Victims and Witnesses in Criminal Court and Proceedings – The Rights of Victims and Witnesses
- Colorado Criminal Domestic Violence Law – The Impact of a Colorado Domestic Violence Case On Parenting Time
- FAQ: Colorado Criminal – Domestic Violence Defense Law – What is Strangulation? What Does The Word Strangle Mean?
- FAQ: Colorado Criminal Firearms Laws – The Impact of Colorado Criminal Convictions On The Right To Bear Arms Under Federal Law
- Colorado Criminal Law – Understanding An Allegation Of Stalking Behavior – The Crime Of Stalking in Colorado
- How Denver City Domestic Violence Cases Are Different – The Denver Municipal Ordinance Domestic Violence Exception
- Colorado Criminal Domestic Violence Law – Understanding The Colorado Laws Governing Dismissal In Colorado Domestic Violence Cases
- Domestic Violence Defense – How To Head Off A False Accusation Of Domestic Violence
- Colorado Domestic Violence Defense Ideas: What Legal Strategies Should My Attorney Consider To Defend Against The Restraining Order
- Trial Issues In Colorado Domestic Violence Cases
- Colorado False Imprisonment Laws and Colorado Domestic Violence Cases
- Can a Colorado Domestic Violence Victim Refuse to Testify in Court?
- Understanding The Difference Between Colorado Domestic Violence And Actual Domestic Abuse
- Colorado Criminal Law – 18-8-610 When You Tamper With Evidence -18-8-306 Attempting To Influence A Public Servant and 18-5-104 Second Degree Forgery
- Finding The Best Colorado Domestic Violence Criminal Defense Lawyer – Don’t Be “Handed Off” To Another Lawyer In The Firm – One You Did NOT Retain!
- Meeting With Your Colorado Domestic Violence Criminal Defense Lawyer For The First Time – Making The Decision To Retain A Lawyer
- Experienced Colorado Domestic Violence Criminal Lawyers in Colorado – Does Experience Really Make A Difference In A Colorado Criminal Defense Lawyer?
- Colorado Domestic Violence: An Industry
- FAQ: Colorado Domestic Violence Cases Part II
- FAQ: Colorado Criminal Law: Understanding the Impact of FEDERAL FIREARMS LAWS AND BRADY FINDINGS in Colorado Domestic Violence Cases
- Colorado Criminal Law – A Comprehensive Look at the Colorado Defense of Self Defense, Initial Aggressor Laws, Make My Day Laws and the Duty to Retreat
- Colorado Criminal Domestic Violence Laws – Couple’s or Martial Counseling NOT Allowed in Domestic Violence Treatment Programs
- Colorado Criminal Domestic Violence Sentencing Procedures and Law – What Happens In A Colorado Domestic Violence Sentencing Hearing
- Withdrawing a Guilty Plea In Colorado – Especially Colorado Domestic Violence Cases
- Attorney Profile
- H. Michael Steinberg – A Colorado Criminal Domestic Violence Lawyer Defense Lawyer
- Colorado Stalking Laws 18-3-602 – To Convict, A Defendant Does Not Need To Know That The Alleged Victim Is Suffering Serious Emotional Distress
- Key Colorado Domestic Violence Issues
- Understanding Colorado Domestic Violence Cases
- Colorado Domestic Violence Law – Searches – Consent
- Colorado Criminal Defense Law – Defending Domestic Violence Cases -Victim Recants
- Colorado Criminal Defense Law – Defending Domestic Violence Cases – Understanding Tactical and Trial Issues -Victim Recantation
- Colorado Criminal Procedure – The Steps In A Colorado Criminal Case
- Colorado Criminal Domestic Violence Law – The Impact of the Federal Violence Against Women Act in Colorado Domestic Violence Cases.
- Colorado Criminal Law – Understanding the Marital Privilege – When A Wife Is Prevented From Testifying Against Her Husband And The Reverse
- Colorado Domestic Violence Defense Lawyer – Understanding The Problem Of Identifying The Primary Aggressor In Domestic Violence Cases
- Colorado Law of Jury / Juror Misconduct – Analysis
- Colorado Criminal Law Guide – Self Defense and Domestic Violence Charges
- Colorado Criminal Law – What If I Run? – Absconding – Fleeing A Colorado Criminal Case – Evidence Of Flight At Trial
- Colorado Domestic Violence Law – The Danger Of Being Charged With False Reporting If You Change Your Testimony – C.R.S. 18-8-111
- Colorado Criminal Trial Law – Introducing Evidence Of A Defendant’s Good Character Under CRE 404 (a) – In Colorado Domestic Violence Cases
- A Denver Colorado Criminal Lawyer Helps You To Understand Colorado Criminal Restraining Orders Under 18-1-1001
- Colorado Domestic Violence Lawyer On Common Domestic Violence Defenses – Why Does She Lie?
- Colorado Domestic Violence Law Series – Bail Bonds – How Are They Set? What Criteria Is Applied?
- Why You Should Never Rush To Plead Guilty In A Colorado Domestic Violence Case – The Fast Track Trap
- Colorado Domestic Violence Cases Prosecuting With No Victim – Can They Still Go To Trial?
- Colorado Domestic Violence Lawyer On Domestic Violence And Mental Health Issues
- How DO The Police Evaluate Colorado Domestic Violence Cases? – The Law 18-6-803.6
- Understanding Colorado Domestic Violence Crimes – Wiretapping 18-9-303 C.R.S. vs Obstructing Telephone Service- C.R.S. 18-9-306.5
- How Mistakes Are Made In Colorado Domestic Violence Arrests – Predominant Aggressor Analysis
- Colorado Criminal Law – Understanding Criminal Mischief 18-4-501
- Colorado Criminal Law – Why Did My Doctor Call The Police On Me? – Physician – Psychologist Confidential Communications In Child Abuse – Domestic Violation Cases
- Colorado Domestic Violence Law – Understanding The Impact Of The Domestic Violence “Tag” Designation
- Colorado Criminal Law – Restitution Is For ALL Crimes – Not Just Plea Bargained Convictions
- Will My Child Have To Testify In My Colorado Domestic Violence Case?
- Dual Arrests – Colorado Domestic Violence Arrest Mistakes – The Predominant Aggressor Law – Revisited
- How Can I Get A False Colorado Domestic Violence Case Dismissed?
- False Charges In Colorado Domestic Violence Cases – The Ugly Divorce
- Why Aren’t Perjury Charges Filed More Often In Colorado Domestic Violence Cases?
- Police Contact in Colorado – What Are My Rights?
- Tactics and Strategies When You Are Accused of Domestic Violence in Colorado
- Colorado Criminal Law Update – Colorado May Upgrade Strangulation To A Felony – Even Without Serious Bodily Injury
- Your Colorado Criminal Defense Lawyer Must Conduct A Thorough Investigation Of Your Case To Properly Defend You
- Colorado Domestic Violence Cases – Defense Lawyers And Victim Contact
- Colorado Criminal Law – Domestic Violence Convictions & Custody Of Your Child
- Colorado Domestic Violence Law – False Reporting To Authorities – 18-8-111 – A Dangerous Law
- New 2013 Colorado Gun Law In Domestic Violence Cases Applies Further Protection / Restraining Order Restrictions On Second Amendment Rights
- Colorado Q and A – Knowing Your Constitutional Rights – The First Step In A Colorado Criminal Defense Strategy
- Colorado Restraining Orders
- How To Lift A Colorado Domestic Violence No Contact Order by Denver Criminal Defense Lawyer – H. Michael Steinberg
- Colorado Domestic Violence Permanent Civil Protection Order Laws – Title 13 and 18
- Lifting Or Modifying Colorado Civil Restraining – Protection Orders Pursuant to C.R.S. 13-14-108
- Colorado Violation Of Protection Orders Cases -18-6-803.5. The Why and The How
- Colorado Civil Protection Orders And The Loss Of The Right To Bear Firearms – 13-14-105.5
- Colorado Criminal Law – Civil Restraining Orders – Common Sense Rules When You Have a Permanent Restraining Order Pending In Court Against You
- Questions and Answers About Violation of A Restraining Order in Colorado
- Colorado Domestic Violence Cases and Restraiing Orders
- Colorado Domestic Violence Restraining Orders – The Trick -Making Me Break the Restraining Order
- Colorado Domestic Violence Issues – The Initial Steps To Take In Dealing with a Restraining Order?
- Why Police And Prosecutors Overcharge In Colorado Domestic Violence Cases
- Colorado Criminal Restitution Law – Collecting Unpaid Pre- & Post Judgement Interest – An Unfair Turn In The Law
- Colorado Criminal Domestic Violence Laws – Understanding the Crime of Stalking and Stalking Behavior
- Understanding the Crime of Stalking in Colorado – A Case In Point
- Colorado Domestic Violence No Contact Orders
- Why Police And Prosecutors Overcharge In Colorado Domestic Violence Cases
- Colorado Domestic Violence Law: Why the Police Make Immediate Arrests in Domestic Violence Cases
- Colorado Criminal Law: What Is the Crime of False Reporting All About?
- Colorado Domestic Violence Cases – How Do I Get Off Of This Ride? Discharge Standards, Risk Categories and the Completion of Court Ordered Mandated Treatment – Part I
- Colorado Domestic Violence Cases – How Do I Get Off Of This Ride? Discharge Standards and the Completion of Court Ordered Mandated Treatment – Part II
- Colorado Domestic Violence Fast Track Programs
- Colorado Law Harassment Stalking Statute
- Colorado Domestic Violence – When the Wrong Person Is Arrested
- Colorado Domestic Violence Mandatory Arrest Laws – Wrong Headed – Make No Sense
- Colorado Domestic Violence Cases – A Birds Eye View
- Child Custody and Domestic Violence Allegations – How Allegations of Domestic Violence Are Used In Colorado Child Custody Battles
- The Defense Of Anticipated False Allegations Of Domestic Violence Cases in Divorce Cases
- Colorado Criminal Domestic Violence Law – The Recanting or Reluctant Witness – Can I Refuse To Testify?
- Transferring Probation Out Of Colorado – The Interstate Compact
- Colorado Domestic Violence Treatment Requirements
- Colorado Domestic Violence Cases – The Levels of Treatment A – B – C Explored – The Colorado Domestic Violence Offender Management Board Standards For Treatment With Court Ordered Domestic Violence Offenders
- Colorado Domestic Violence Law – Understanding The Mandatory Treatment Requirement
- Colorado Criminal Law – Domestic Violence – How Colorado Courts Measure and to Predict Domestic Violence Threats – the Domestic Violence Risk and Needs Assessment (DVRNA)
- The New Colorado DV Treatment Standards
- The Colorado Domestic Violence Multi-disciplinary Treatment Team (MTT) Approach to Mandatory Domestic Violence Treatment Requirements
- Colorado Domestic Violence Cases – Re-victimizing The Victim – The Loss of Power For The Alleged Victim and The Case Against No Drop Policies
- Colorado Criminal Law Domestic Violence Right to Bear Arms
- Colorado Municipal Code Violations – City Code Criminal Charges – How Does This Work?
- Don’t They Have To Read Me My Rights? – The Meaning Of Miranda – Custodial Interrogation Under Colorado Law
- Colorado Stalking Domestic Violence Criminal Defense Lawyer Writes About Being Charged With Stalking In Colorado 18-3-601, 18-3-602
- Colorado Domestic Violence Lawyer – How To Avoid Incriminating Yourself At The Scene Of A Domestic Violence Investigation
- Colorado Domestic Violence Cases- The Arrest
- Colorado Law – Domestic Violence Assault Charges
- Colorado Domestic Violence and False Allegations of Child Abuse
- Colorado Domestic Violence Sentencing
- Colorado Domestic Violence Sentencing Law – Understanding The Restrictions on Prosecutors
- Colorado Criminal Law – Understanding The Motion For A New Trial If You Are Found Guilty – Rule 33
- Understanding Colorado’s Pre-Sentence Credit Laws – Credit For Time Served – 18-1.3-405
- Colorado Criminal Law – Understanding Colorado’s Scheme of Adult Sentencing Laws
- FAQ: Understanding Colorado’s Probation Supervision System
- Colorado Criminal Law – Asking a Judge to Change a Sentence – a Sentence Reconsideration – Under Colorado Rule of Criminal Procedure 35(b)
- FAQ: Colorado Restorative Justice – The Concept Behind A New Way Of Looking At Colorado Criminal Sentencing – Can It Work?
- Understanding Colorado Mandatory Arrest and So Called “No Drop” Prosecution Policies – The Research
- Colorado Criminal Defense Strategics: The Top Ten Myths About Colorado Criminal Cases
- Colorado Domestic Violence Defense – The Bullying Girlfriend – Spouse and Colorado Domestic Violence Cases *
- Colorado Criminal Domestic Violence Laws – Firearms and Domestic Violence Cases
- Colorado Criminal Domestic Violence Cases – The Role of Mental Health Assessment in Colorado Domestic Violence Cases
- Colorado Criminal Law: Victim Representation in Colorado Domestic Violence Cases
- Colorado Criminal Law: Why You Should Never Make ANY Statement to The Police During an Investigation – Miranda and Interrogation: A 2010 Update
- Colorado Criminal Domestic Violence Defense – Understanding Terms and Concepts of the Domestic Violence Evaluation and Standards
- Colorado Criminal Law – A Listing of Key Domestic Violence Laws and Related Statutes
- In Depth Articles On Domestic Violence Laws – Issues – and History
- FAQ: Domestic Violence Defense Law- The Battered Woman Syndrome and Self Defense Law in Colorado
- Colorado Law – Common Law Marriages
- Understanding When Other Past Crimes or Bad Prior Acts Are Admitted at Trial in Colorado
- Colorado Criminal Law: Attacking the Credibility of the Accused – Defendant – The Law
- Colorado Statutes of Limitations – A Deadline to File Charges
- Colorado Criminal Domestic Violence Cases – The Critical Impact of Expert Opinions On The Jury – The Battered Woman’s Syndrome And Other Issues For Expert Testimony
- Colorado Criminal Domestic Violence Law – The Unfairness Of The Admission of Evidence of Character Other Crimes, Wrongs, or Acts – The So Called 404B – Similar Transactions Evidence
- Colorado Law: A New Idea In An Old Problem – Sequential Viewing for Identification Lineups -Eyewitness Identification Methods
- Understanding The Laws, Politics And Policies Behind Domestic Violence Cases – No Room For Justice Here*
- Limits On Hearsay Evidence – Colorado Domestic Violence Cases – The Crawford Decision
- Understanding Colorado Arrest and Conviction Records
- Colorado Domestic Violence Trials – What Juries Really Think
- Colorado’s Child Abuse Mandatory Reporters Law Changed – Does NOT Include Adults
- Colorado Domestic Violence Law – Arrests for Violations of Civil Protection – Restraining Orders
- How Colorado Criminal Offenders Are Sentenced – Judges Assess Risk
- Understanding Colorado Presentence Confinement In Concurrent Felony – Misdemeanor Sentencing – § 18-1.3-405
- Domestic Violence and Syndrome Evidence
- Federal Domestic Violence Laws Overview
- Colorado Criminal Domestic Violence Resources
- 2011 Colorado Domestic Violence Treatment Providers By County
- 2011 Colorado Domestic Violence Treatment Providers By County – Jefferson County
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- 2011 Colorado Domestic Violence Treatment Providers By County
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Colorado Law Harassment Stalking Statute
Colorado Law: the Crime of Harassment and Felony Stalking
Misdemeanor & Felony Stalking
There are three forms of stalking. The first involves the combination of credible threat and acts such as following. The second involves a credible threat combined with any form of repeated communications, and the third does not require a credible threat, but rather repeated acts such as following or communications resulting in serious emotional distress.
In all instances, the acts may be directed toward the alleged victim or third parties who have specific associations with the victim. An act is “repeated” if it occurs more than once.
Harassment – stalking (18-9-111)
Stalking is an extraordinary risk crime that is subject to the modified presumptive sentencing range specified in 18-1.3-401 (10) C.R.S. 18-9-111
Harassment / Stalking. *CURRENT THROUGH AUGUST 10, 2010
(1) A person commits harassment if, with intent to harass, annoy, or alarm another person, he or she:
(a) Strikes, shoves, kicks, or otherwise touches a person or subjects him to physical contact; or
(b) In a public place directs obscene language or makes an obscene gesture to or at another person; or
(c) Follows a person in or about a public place; or
(d) Repealed.
(e) Initiates communication with a person, anonymously or otherwise by telephone, computer, computer network, or computer system in a manner intended to harass or threaten bodily injury or property damage, or makes any comment, request, suggestion, or proposal by telephone, computer, computer network, or computer system that is obscene; or
(f) Makes a telephone call or causes a telephone to ring repeatedly, whether or not a conversation ensues, with no purpose of legitimate conversation; or
(g) Makes repeated communications at inconvenient hours that invade the privacy of another and interfere in the use and enjoyment of another’s home or private residence or other private property; or
(h) Repeatedly insults, taunts, challenges, or makes communications in offensively coarse language to, another in a manner likely to provoke a violent or disorderly response.
(1.5) As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires, “obscene”
means a patently offensive description of ultimate sexual acts or solicitation to commit ultimate sexual acts, whether or not said ultimate sexual acts are normal or perverted, actual or simulated, including masturbation, cunnilingus, fellatio, anilingus, or excretory functions.
(2) Harassment pursuant to subsection (1) of this section is a class 3 misdemeanor; except that harassment is a class 1 misdemeanor if the offender commits harassment pursuant to subsection (1) of this section with the intent to intimidate or harass another person because of that person’s actual or perceived race, color, religion, ancestry, or national origin.
(3) Any act prohibited by paragraph (e) of subsection (1) of this section may be deemed to have occurred or to have been committed at the place at which the telephone call, electronic mail, or other electronic communication was either made or received.
(4) (a) The general assembly hereby finds and declares that stalking is a serious problem in this state and nationwide. Although stalking often involves persons who have had an intimate relationship with one another, it can also involve persons who have little or no past relationship. A stalker will often maintain strong, unshakable, and irrational emotional feelings for his or her victim, and may likewise believe that the victim either returns these feelings of affection or will do so if the stalker is persistent enough. Further, the stalker often maintains this belief, despite a trivial or nonexistent basis for it and despite rejection, lack of reciprocation, efforts to restrict or avoid the stalker, and other facts that conflict with this belief.
A stalker may also develop jealousy and animosity for persons who are in relationships with the victim, including family members, employers and co-workers, and friends, perceiving them as obstacles or as threats to the stalker’s own “relationship” with the victim. Because stalking involves highly inappropriate intensity, persistence, and possessiveness, it entails great unpredictability and creates great stress and fear for the victim. Stalking involves severe intrusions on the victim’s personal privacy and autonomy, with an immediate and long-lasting impact on quality of life as well as risks to security and safety of the victim and persons close to the victim, even in the absence of express threats of physical harm. The general assembly hereby recognizes the seriousness posed by stalking and adopts the provisions of this subsection (4) and subsections (5) and (6) of this section with the goal of encouraging and authorizing effective intervention before stalking can escalate into behavior that has even more serious consequences.
(b) A person commits stalking if directly, or indirectly through another person, such person knowingly:
(I) Makes a credible threat to another person and, in connection with
such threat, repeatedly follows, approaches, contacts, or places under surveillance that person, a member of that person’s immediate family, or someone with whom that person has or has had a continuing relationship; or
(II) Makes a credible threat to another person and, in connection with
such threat, repeatedly makes any form of communication with that person, a member of that person’s immediate family, or someone with whom that person has or has had a continuing relationship, regardless of whether a conversation ensues; or
(III) Repeatedly follows, approaches, contacts, places under
surveillance, or makes any form of communication with another person, a member of that person’s immediate family, or someone with whom that person has or has had a continuing relationship in a manner that would cause a reasonable person to suffer serious emotional distress and does cause that person, a member of that person’s immediate family, or someone with whom that person has or has had a continuing relationship to suffer serious emotional distress. For purposes of this subparagraph (III), a victim need not show that he or she received professional treatment or counseling to show that he or she suffered serious emotional distress.
(c) For the purposes of this subsection (4):
(I) Conduct “in connection with” a credible threat means acts which
further, advance, promote, or have a continuity of purpose, and may occur before, during, or after the credible threat;
(II) “Credible threat” means a threat, physical action, or repeated
conduct that would cause a reasonable person to be in fear for the person’s safety or the safety of his or her immediate family or of someone with whom the person has or has had a continuing relationship. Such threat need not be directly expressed if the totality of the conduct would cause a reasonable person such fear.
(III) “Immediate family” includes the person’s spouse and the person’s parent, grandparent, sibling, or child; and(IV) “Repeated” or “repeatedly” means on more than one occasion.
(5) Where a person commits stalking under paragraph (b) of subsection (4) of this section, the following shall apply:
(a) A person commits a class 5 felony for a first offense.
(a.5) For a second or subsequent offense, if such offense occurs within seven years of the date of a prior offense for which such person was convicted, the offender commits a class 4 felony.
(a.7) Stalking is an extraordinary risk crime that is subject to the modified presumptive sentencing range specified in section 18-1.3-401 (10).
(b) If, at the time of the offense, there was a temporary or permanent protection order, injunction, or condition of bond, probation, or parole or any other court order in effect against such person prohibiting the behavior described in paragraph (b) of subsection (4) of this section, such person commits a class 4 felony. In addition, when a violation under subsection (4) of this section is committed in connection with a violation of a court order, including but not limited to any protection order or any order that sets forth the conditions of a bond, any sentence imposed for such violation pursuant to this subsection (5) shall run consecutively and not concurrently with any sentence imposed pursuant to section 18-6-803.5 and with any sentence imposed in a contempt proceeding for violation of the court order. Nothing in this paragraph (b) shall be construed to alter or diminish the inherent authority of the court to enforce its orders through civil or criminal contempt proceedings; however, before a criminal contempt proceeding is heard before the court, notice of the proceedings shall be provided to the district attorney for the district of the court where the proceedings are to be heard and the district attorney for the district of the court where the alleged act of criminal contempt occurred. The district attorney for either district shall be allowed to appear and argue for the imposition of contempt sanctions.
A peace officer shall have a duty to respond as soon as reasonably possible to a report of stalking and to cooperate with the alleged victim in investigating such report.
Related Offenses
C.R.S. 18-7-80. Criminal invasion of privacy. (2004)
(1) A person who knowingly takes a photograph of another person’s intimate parts, as defined in section 18-3-401 (2), without that person’s consent, in a situation where the person photographed has a reasonable expectation of privacy, commits criminal invasion of privacy.
(2) Criminal invasion of privacy is a class 2 misdemeanor.
(3) For the purposes of this section, “photograph” includes a photograph, motion picture, videotape, print, negative, slide, or other mechanically, electronically, digitally, or chemically reproduced visual material.
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